May 16, 2026  
2026-2027 Binghamton University Academic Guide 
    
2026-2027 Binghamton University Academic Guide

GEOG 311 - Earth’s Surface Processes




Formerly GEOL 212. Overview of the principles of crystallography, atomic arrangement, chemistry and physical properties of minerals that make up common Earth materials. Introduction to techniques of optical mineralogy. Classification and genesis of the principal igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Three lectures and one laboratory per week. Prerequisites: one four-credit 100-level geology course, or one of ENVI 206, ENVI 234, or GEOL 234. Suggested: CHEM 107 or equivalent. Spring, 4 credits. Please note: students that have taken GEOL 212 will not receive credit for GEOL 303.